Protocol Buffers (protobuf) is Google's language-neutral, schema-first binary serialization format, ubiquitous in service APIs and increasingly present in event streams.
Protocol Buffers (protobuf) is a language-neutral binary serialization format. Messages are defined in .proto files and compiled into typed classes for most major languages, producing compact wire encodings with fast (de)serialization.
Protobuf is the interface definition language of gRPC, which makes it pervasive in service-to-service APIs; schema registries support it alongside Avro for Kafka topics, letting event streams share types with the services that produce them.
Data platforms typically adopt protobuf when events originate from gRPC-native services and reuse of existing message definitions outweighs Avro's more flexible schema-evolution model.
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