Apache Spark is an open-source distributed compute engine for batch processing, SQL, machine learning, and stream processing across large clusters.

dbt is a transformation framework that compiles modular, version-controlled SQL models and runs them inside the warehouse, with testing, documentation, and lineage built in.

Trino is an open-source distributed SQL engine that queries data where it lives — object storage, lakehouse table formats, and operational databases — through a single interface.

DuckDB is an open-source, in-process OLAP database — an embeddable columnar SQL engine that queries Parquet, CSV, and dataframes with no server to run.